Control Structures

if/else

if (boolean)

{}

else if (boolean)

{}

else

{}

while

while (boolean)

{}

repeat until

repeat {} until (boolean)

for

for x from a to b by c

is the general case. You don't need to specify whether it's going up or down - although doing so by using upto or downto does allow a runtime check to make sure you didn't screw up.

If you don't specify "c", it defaults to incrementing/decrementing by 1. The first iteration is at a and the last is at b (that is to say, it goes from a to b, inclusive).

foreach

foreach x in map

{}

"map" must be an aggregate - a map or a slice. x takes on each value of the map index in turn. If there is more than one index, x iterates over the first index.

For example:

 boolean [int][string] map;
 map[15]["test"] = true;
 foreach int_index in map
 {
   print(int_index); //this will print '15' once, since there is only one valid value for this index
   foreach string_index in map[int_index] //this iterates over the "slice" of the map where 1 is fixed as the index
   { 
     print(string_index); //This will print "test" once, since there is only one valid value for this index
     print(map[int_index][string_index]); //this will print "true"
   }
 }

So the output is

 15
 test
 true

Note that instead of nesting foreach statements, for a multidimensional map, two iterators can be used inline.

 foreach x,y in map

is identical to

 foreach x in map
 {
   foreach y in map[x]
 }

See http://kolmafia.sourceforge.net/advanced.html#maps for more details on maps.