Operators

Mathematical Operators

The following mathematical operators are used in KoLmafia:

+	Addition	Performs addition and string concatenation
-	Subtraction	Performs subtraction
*	Multiplication	Performs multiplication
/	Division	Performs division
%	Modulo	Returns the remainder after division
**	Exponent	Performs exponentiation

Note that, with the exception of using "+" for string concatenation, these operators can only be used on int or float datatypes.

Bitwise Operators

The following mathematical operators are used for operating on the bits of integers. The operands must be integers; no coercion is allowed:

&	and	a & b
|	or	a | b
~	not	~a
<<	left shift	a << b
>>	right shift	a >> b
&=	and	a &= b --> a = a & b
|=	or	a |= b --> a = a | b
>>>	unsigned right shift	a >>> b

Assignment Operators

The following assignment operators are used in KoLmafia (let a = left operand, b = right operand):

=	a = b
+=	a = a + b
-=	a = a - b
*=	a = a * b
/=	a = a / b
%=	a = a % b
**=	a = a ** b
>>=	a = a >> b
>>>=	a = a >>> b

Of these, only += and = are usable for strings. See Mathematical Operators for information regarding the basic Mathematical Operators.

Relational Operators

To follow these examples, a basic understanding of the concepts found on Control Structures would be helpful.

In order to create more complex if statements, we need to understand the basic relational operators:

==	equal to
!=	not equal to
<	less than
>	greater than
<=	less than or equal to
>=	greater than or equal to

Note that you cannot mix datatypes within a comparison or KoLmafia will abort with an error, with the exception of mixing types int and float, where KoLmafia will do a transparent type conversion behind-the-scenes. If you need to compare different datatypes, use one or more of the Datatype Conversion functions. Also, == is case-insensitive with respect to strings.

if ( true == true )
{
   print( "This line DOES get printed." );
}
if ( true == false )
{
   print( "This line does NOT get printed." );
}
if ( 1 == 1.0 )
{
   print( "This line DOES get printed." );
}
if ( 1 == 2 )
{
   print( "This line does NOT get printed." );
}
if ( "Hello" == "hello" )
{
   print( "This line DOES get printed." );
}

Boolean Operators

&&	and
||	or
!	not

Note that the above operators only work with boolean values & datatypes. To make use of them with other datatypes, you will either need to first perform a Datatype Conversion, or you will need to nest your operations such that a boolean value is used with the boolean operators.

if ( true && true )
{
   print( "This line DOES get printed (both possibilities proved true)." );
}
if ( true && false )
{
   print( "This line does NOT get printed (only one possibility proved true)." );
}
if ( true || false )
{
   print( "This line DOES get printed (since at least one of the possibilities proved true)." );
}
if ( ! false )
{
   print( "This line DOES get printed (since the not operator converted false to true)." );
}

We also need to understand operator precedence. Statements inside a () pair are always evaluated first, then from left to right.

if ( true || true && false )
{
   print( "This line DOES get printed." );
   // evaluated left-to-right
   // true or (true && false) returns true
}
if ( true && ( true && false ) )
{
   print( "This line does NOT get printed." );
   // ( true && false ) is evaluated first since it is inside of parentheses
   // so we end up evaluating ( true && false ) which returns false
}
if ( true && ! ( true && false ) )
{
   print( "This line DOES get printed." );
   // ( true && false ) is evaluated first since it is inside of parentheses
   // the ! operator converts the false from ( true && false ) to true
   // ( true && true ) returns true
}