Control Structures

Conditional

if

if ( boolean )
{
   // any statements here
   // are only going to be executed
   // if the boolean returns true
}

Single-statement conditionals may omit the curly braces.

if ( boolean )
   // curly braces aren't required if only one statement follows the conditional

else

if ( boolean )
{
   // statements if true
}
else
{
   // the statements here
   // are only going to be executed
   // if the boolean returns false
}

else if

if ( boolean1 )
{
   // statements if true
}
else if ( boolean2 )
{
   // the statements here
   // are only going to be executed
   // if boolean1 returns false
   // & boolean2 returns true
}

switch

switch ( variable )
{
   case value:
      // statements if variable == value
      // more such statements
      break;
   //repeat above for as many values as desired
   default:
      // statements executed if
      // none of the cases were true
}

Note that each "case" can only test against a single value; that value can be a variable itself, but not a test expression.

Looping

while

while ( boolean )
{
   // as with an if statement
   // this area is only entered
   // if the boolean tests true
   // once all this is done
   // it goes back to the begining
   // and will keep executing
   // as long as the boolean remains true
}

repeat until

repeat
{
   // unless I am mistaken
   // this is essentially the same
   // as the while loop above
   // with the one exception being
   // that all of this code
   // will be execute at least once
   // as the test doesn't occur
   // until the very end
} until ( boolean )

for

 for x from a to b by c

is the general case. You don't need to specify whether it's going up or down - although doing so by using upto or downto does allow a runtime check to make sure you didn't screw up.

If you don't specify "c", it defaults to incrementing/decrementing by 1. The first iteration is at a and the last is at b (that is to say, it goes from a to b, inclusive).

foreach

 foreach x in map
 
 {}

"map" must be an aggregate - a map or a slice. x takes on each value of the map index in turn. If there is more than one index, x iterates over the first index.

For example:

 boolean [int][string] map;
 map[15]["test"] = true;
 foreach int_index in map
 {
   print(int_index); //this will print '15' once, since there is only one valid value for this index
   foreach string_index in map[int_index] //this iterates over the "slice" of the map where 1 is fixed as the index
   { 
     print(string_index); //This will print "test" once, since there is only one valid value for this index
     print(map[int_index][string_index]); //this will print "true"
   }
 }

So the output is

 15
 test
 true

Note that instead of nesting foreach statements, for a multidimensional map, two iterators can be used inline.

 foreach x,y in map

is identical to

 foreach x in map
 {
   foreach y in map[x]
 }

See http://kolmafia.sourceforge.net/advanced.html#maps for more details on maps.

continue/break

Like many languages with looping structures, ASH supports the break and continue statements. All looping structures (for, while, repeat until, and foreach) support these statements.

 break;

Breaks out of the smallest enclosing loop. In a switch statement, breaks out of the switch statement. Execution resumes at the first statement after the end of the loop/switch statement.

 continue;

Continues on to the next iteration of the loop (skipping any statments in this iteration that occur after the continue statement). In a switch statement, continue is allowed iff the switch is inside a loop, and acts as any other continue.