Zlib
Attention KoLmafia Users!
This page details the use of functions in a script library. The information here is only useful to those who have followed the included steps to make use of these functions; they are not built-in to KoLmafia.
About ZLib
ZLib is a function library intended to make life easier for both script authors and script users. A more detailed introduction, as well as instructions on installing it and other details, can be found in the ZLib thread.
String Functions
excise
string excise(string source ,string start ,string end )
- The original source string
- start after this string
- end before this string
This function returns a portion of the source string, from after the first occurrence of start to just before the first occurrence of end. If either start or end are missing, it will return an empty string. You can also supply either start or end as blank strings to specify the actual start or end of the source string.
equals
boolean equals(string s1 ,string s2 )
- s1 is a string.
- s2 is the string to compare with s1.
Since string comparisons in ASH using == and != are case-insensitive, this function allows you to strictly compare two strings, including case sensitivity.
vprint
boolean vprint(string message ,int level )
boolean vprint(string message ,string color ,int level )
- message and color are used as in the function
print()
- level controls the return value and specifies the verbosity level of the message
This function is an enhanced version of the ASH function print()
. The message and optional color parameters are exactly like in print(), but the level parameter gives you a lot of additional control. Specifically, it allows you to control the return value, specify the verbosity level of the output, and maybe even abort the script.
First, the return value. If level is positive, it returns true. If negative, it returns false. If level is 0, vprint() will abort with the specified message. You can see now that vprint effectively replaces both abort()
and print. I recommend it as your go-to function anytime you need to show anything in the CLI, for any reason.
Having a boolean return value (as opposed to ASH's print returning void) allows you to include helpful information in your script easily, without needing to significantly edit your code. For example:
// add debugging info to an if check:
if (somevar == 2 && vprint("somevar equals 2",10)) dosomething();
// add additional info to a return true/false:
if (everythingsgreat) return vprint("Everything's great!",7);
else return vprint("Everything is not great.",-7);
Secondly, level represents the verbosity of the message. ZLib includes a script setting called "verbosity". Users can adjust this value to specify how verbose they want scripts to be. If they set it to 1, they want the script to print almost nothing -- only the most important messages. If they set it to 10, they want it to print a lot of details. The level of each vprint command thus determines whether or not the message will actually be printed. If the absolute value of level is more than verbosity, the message will not be printed. For example, a user with the default verbosity of 3 would not see any of the example messages given above. This allows users to control the chattiness of scripts, and allows authors to include helpful debugging print statements which can be shown by setting verbosity high.
Recommendations for Verbosity Levels in vprint()
0: abort error
+/- 1: absolutely essential (and non-cluttering) information -- use very sparingly, since a verbosity of 1 is basically "silent mode"
+/- 2: important and useful info -- this should generally be your base level for your most important messages
+/- 4: interesting but non-essential information
+/- 6: info which an overly curious person might like to see on their CLI
+/- 10: details which are only helpful for debugging, such as "begin/end functionname()" or "current value of variable: value"
This will allow users who want extra levels of detail printed to see that detail without cluttering the CLI for users who don't prefer to see all the details. In addition, it allows users to specify a verbosity of 0 to see ONLY mafia output (no script output at all), which could prove handy.
The color parameter is optional. If you omit it, the default color is black for positive values of level, and red for negative values. Usually, you won't be calling vprint() with the color parameter, unless you want to specify a different color or override the default colors.
vprint_html
boolean vprint_html(string message ,int level )
- message is used as in the function
print_html()
- level is a verbosity reference
Same as vprint() above, but wraps print_html()
.
normalized
string normalized(string mixvar ,string type )
string normalized(string mixvar ,string type ,string glue )
- mixvar is the string to normalize
- type is the datatype to normalize to, which can be any primitive type or any typed constant. You can also specify "list of <type>", for a comma-delimited list of the given type.
- glue is only relevant for lists of a type. You can specify the delimiter (which could be necessary if dealing with list entries that have commas in them). Defaults to ", ".
Returns mixvar, normalized to the specified KoLmafia type. For example, normalized("badger", "familiar") would return "Astral Badger". It can also normalize comma-delimited lists of any of these types if you specify "list of <type>" for type. For example, normalized("bloop, dair go, possess", "list of monster") would return "Blooper, Dairy Goat, Possessed Silverware Drawer".
join
string join(string [int] pieces ,string glue )
- pieces is a map of strings which you want to join into a single string.
- glue is the string to put between the pieces.
This function is the opposite of the ASH function split_string()
. It joins pieces together, inserting glue between each piece, and returns the assembly as a single string. Useful for working with comma-delimited lists (or anything-delimited lists, actually).
list_contains
boolean list_contains(string list ,string needle )
boolean list_contains(string list ,string needle ,string glue )
- list is a glue-delimited string list such as returned by join().
- needle is the entry to check for.
- glue is optional (defaults to ", ") and represents the delimiter for the list.
Returns true if list contains needle. Avoids false positives which could result from using contains_text().
list_add
string list_add(string list ,string add )
string list_add(string list ,string add ,string glue )
- list is a glue-delimited string list such as returned by join() above.
- add is the entry to add to the list.
- glue is optional (defaults to ", ") and represents the delimiter for the list.
Adds unique entry add to a glue-delimited list, and returns the modified list. If the entry already exists in the list, another entry will not be added. For example, list_add("a, b, c","d") would return "a, b, c, d", but list_add("a, b, c", "a") would return "a, b, c", since the entry "a" already exists.
list_remove
string list_remove(string list ,string del )
string list_remove(string list ,string del ,string glue )
- list is a glue-delimited string list such as returned by join() above.
- del is the entry to remove from the list.
- glue is optional (defaults to ", ") and represents the delimiter for the list.
Removes del from glue-delimited list, and returns the modified list. It will remove all instances of del. For example, list_remove("a, b, c","a") would return "b, c", and list_remove("a, a, b, b, c, c", "a") would return "b, b, c, c".
rnum
string rnum(float n ,int place )
- n is a number
- place is the number of decimal places to round to
Returns your number n as a human-readable string, appropriate to the user's computer's region. For ints, this means it adds grouping separators where appropriate. For floats, it also rounds to the nearest place after the decimal. Default place for the float-only version is 2, although it may display fewer digits if they are 0's. Examples: rnum(12580) => "12,580", rnum(3.14152964,3) => "3.142", rnum(4.00008) => "4", rnum(123456789.87654321) => "123,456,789.88". Recommended as a substitute for to_string(int).
Number Functions
abs
- n is any number.
Returns the absolute value of the number n. Don't worry if you are working with integers, it will still work just fine. This function already exists in many programming languages; ZLib makes it handily available in ASH.
minmax
float minmax(float a ,float min ,float max )
- a is the original number
- min is the minimum return value
- max is the maximum return value
Returns a, but no less than min and no more than max. Another function common to many languages.
set_avg
void set_avg(float to_add ,string which_prop )
- to_add is the data point to add
- which_prop is the property to add data to
Useful for adding spading to scripts. Adds one more statistic to an average value being stored in a property. For example, calling this function three times with the values 2, 4, and 6 for to_add would result in the property which_prop containing "4.0:3", with 4.0 being the average of the three numbers added and 3 being the amount of numbers averaged.
get_avg
float get_avg(string which_prop )
- which_prop is the property to access
Returns an average value set by set_avg().
eval
float eval(string expression ,float [string] values )
- expression is the base expression
- values is a map of values to replace
By Jason Harper. Evaluates expression as a math expression, and allows you to substitute values for variables, as described in much greater detail here. Brief documentation is also included in ZLib. (NB: This section needs more infoz.)
Script Functions
check_version
string check_version(string soft ,string proj ,int thread )
- soft is the script name, which must match the page source of the thread being parsed
- proj is the name of the SVN project name to check.
- thread is the script's thread number on kolmafia.us
string check_version(string soft ,string prop ,string this_version ,int thread )
- soft is as above.
- prop is used as part of the name of the property saved to user preferences.
- this_version is the version of the script currently running
- thread is as above.
Server-friendly once-daily version-checking. There are two versions of this function, one for SVN and one for forum threads. The three-parameter SVN version uses mafia's SVN client to check if a previously checked-out SVN project is current and if not, it updates it automatically, meaning the script will be current the next time it runs. In the event that a user has checked the option for mafia to automatically update all projects on login, it detects that the script has updated and prints an informative message with a link to the script's kolmafia.us thread -- and if the project is hosted on SourceForge, an additional link to the changelog there.
For the four-parameter forum thread version, it visits the specified thread on the kolmafia.us forums to find the current version of your script. The thread must include "<b>soft version</b>" for the version info to be successfully parsed. Optionally, you may include "[requires revision XXXX]" somewhere in your post if you want to indicate a required minimum revision of mafia. If a new version is available, it alerts the user in large text and provides an update link.
The return value of both versions is a blank string unless an update is/was found, in which case it is a <div class='versioninfo'> containing the update message. This allows this function to work equally well for relay scripts. The current version/revision (and the last date checked) is stored in a data file "zversions.txt". Example:
check_version("Hardcore Checklist","checklist","1.2.7",1045);
load_current_map
boolean load_current_map(string map_name ,aggregate destination )
- map_name is the name of the map, without the file extension
- destination is a previously-declared map to load with data
Acts as a wrapper for the built-in file_to_map()
with automatic update capability. The first time the function is called for a given map each day, it will check Zarqon's Map Manager to see if an update for the given map_name is available, and if so will load from there. Otherwise, it merely loads it from disk. (Note: you should not include a file extension, such as ".txt" in the map_name parameter.)
setvar
void setvar(string varname ,mixed dfault )
- name is the name of the setting
- dfault can be any primitive or ASH type (e.g. item, effect, coinmaster, etc.), but not an array, map, or record.
This function ensures that a ZLib script setting called name exists. If not, it adds it and the default value specified in dfault to vars_defaults.txt. Also, if the setting has been changed from its default value, it normalizes the value according to the type of dfault, but otherwise does nothing. Note that this function is for initializing defaults, not for editing existing settings. That is done by calling ZLib in the CLI or running a setting editor tool such as Prefref Plus.
getvar
string getvar(string varname )
- name is the setting to retrieve the value of
This function returns the value of the specified script setting. Authors are encouraged to use this rather than a direct vars[] lookup, since values which have not been changed from the default will eventually not be present in vars[].
For Users
- Script settings are now all saved in one place, separate from mafia properties. I've read more than one post wishing that script-defined settings and mafia properties would be separate. This provides a solution.
- Script settings are independent from scripts. This means that you will no longer need to edit scripts to adjust your settings. Further, when you download a script update, the script will still use your saved settings and you won't need to reset them.
- To see all of your current settings, type "zlib vars" in the CLI. You can also type "zlib <whatever>" to see a list of current settings and values containing <whatever>. To change a setting, type "zlib settingname = value". If you're adjusting threshold, you can use "up" or "down" as the value to adjust your threshold relatively. This is almost exactly as convenient as mafia properties (possibly more so since you don't need to open a text file to find setting names!).
- If for some reason you prefer to open a text file, all ZLib setting default values are stored in vars_defaults.txt in your data directory. Your character's ZLib settings that have been changed from default are stored in a file called vars_myname.txt in your data directory.
- Scripts that use Zlib script settings will initialize the settings -- saving their default value and type in vars_defaults.txt -- when you run them for the first time. Attempting to edit a nonexisting setting won't work, so you'll need to run a script once (then, usually, mash the ESC key before it actually does anything) before you can configure it. Script documentation should tell you which settings to change to get your desired behavior.
For Script Authors
- Use setvar() to initialize a setting that your script will reference. To reference the setting, use getvar() and convert from string to whichever type the setting is supposed to be. Accessing vars[] or vardefaults[] directly is not recommended, as a value may exist in one but not the other, or both.
- Script settings may now be used across scripts, in exactly the same way that mafia properties are. Basically, this works almost exactly like mafia properties, except that new settings can only be created by setvar() or manually editing the file ("zlib nonexistentsetting = value" will fail).
- Settings are only stored if you run a script that defines/uses them. So your settings file will not contain any extraneous unused settings.
- Script authors can now test for a setting's existence in vardefaults[], which means you can check to see if a user has used a given script. It's almost as good as a script_exists() function. This can allow scripts to work together with other scripts, if they exist!
- Scripts with overlapping or related functionality can be designed to access a single shared setting, in much the same way that my scripts have until now all shared a "threshold" mafia setting. Changing a single setting can now change the behavior of every script that accesses that setting.
- Settings are intended to be set only by users, not scripts. If you want a persistent variable that a script will use, consider static variables. However, there may be cases where a script needs to edit a setting (i.e. a relay script specifically for editing settings). To alter a setting, change the map entry directly with vars["propertyToChange"] = newValue, followed by updatevars() to update the map with the new setting. If you don't use updatevars(), the change will not stick.
Functional Details
When importing ZLib, it loads the setting defaults from vars_defaults.txt and a map of your script settings that have been changed from vars_myname.txt. To access a script setting within an ASH script, use getvar(varname).
When a script calls setvar("threshold",4), ZLib checks to see if a setting called "threshold" already exists. If so, since dfault is an integer, it ensures that the value is an integer using normalize() (saving changes if necessary), but unless normalization changed the value, nothing else happens. If "threshold" does not exist, it initializes its default value to 4, its type to int, and saves those defaults back to vars_defaults.txt. The setting may now be accessed by getvar() or edited using ZLib in the CLI.
Choosing Setting Names
The file of script settings will contain all script settings, sorted alphabetically. Also, there is no way to detect if a setting is unused, so if you decide to change the name, the old setting will never be deleted. Please think carefully about your setting names. If you have a setting named "setting1", a user will probably not have a clue which script that is for or what it does. True, this can be overcome with documentation, but it is far better to have settings that make sense just by looking at them.
Recommendations:
1. Use a name that clearly identifies what the setting is/does.
2. Prefix your setting names with a script identifier. For example, here are some of my One-Click Wossname script settings:
setvar("ocw_warplan","optimal");
setvar("ocw_change_to_meat",true);
setvar("ocw_nunspeed",false);
setvar("defaultoutfit","current");
setvar("ocw_f_default","zombie");
setvar("ocw_m_default","");
Those settings which are specific to OCW are prefixed with "ocw_" so as to be found together in the settings file. However, some of the settings are usable across scripts, and are not so prefixed. For example, the "defaultoutfit" is used by nearly all of my adventuring scripts that swap outfits, so no prefix is given.
Adventuring Functions
be_good
boolean be_good(string johnny )
boolean be_good(familiar johnny )
boolean be_good(skill johnny )
- johnny is the thing you want to check
This function, originally created to check whether items were allowed in the Bees Hate You path (hence the name), has been expanded to an all-purpose check to see whether something is acceptable in your current path. For example, in a Trendy path, or any of the newer paths that have similar restrictions, outdated items would not be_good. Likewise, during Bees Hate You, a familiar containing a 'b' would not be_good. In Fistcore, anything you hold in your hands is not allowed. In an Avatar of Boris run, your normal permed skills are not active. And so forth.
qprop
- test is a basic logical expression using a quest property
Simplifies checking mafia's quest tracking properties ("prefref quest" in the CLI will reveal them). You should supply test like so:
<quest property> <logical operator> <possible property value>
For instance: To check that a quest is complete: qprop("questLXXSomequest == finished") To check that a quest has reached or passed "step2": qprop("questLXXSomequest >= step2") To check that a quest is not complete: qprop("questLXXSomequest != finished") To check that a quest hasn't reached step3 yet: qprop("questLXXSomequest < step3")
The function converts these text properties to numbers internally, so to save the function a completely insignificant amount of milliseconds (and more importantly yourself a little typing) you can also just use numbers directly instead of text values, where "step3" is 3, "unstarted" is -1, "started" is 0, and "finished" is 999. Thus, the last example above would also work as qprop("questLXXSomequest < 3").
One more bit of shorthand: you can supply only the property name by itself to check whether the quest is finished. The first example above would also work as qprop("questLXXSomequest").
mall_val
int mall_val(item it ,float expirydays ,boolean combatsafe )
- it is the item being valued.
- expirydays is optional, default 0. It represents the age at which
historical_price()
is no longer valid, after whichmall_price()
is used. - combatsafe is optional, default false. If true, the function will avoid calling mall_price and use only historical_price, regardless of age.
The ASH functions mall_price()
, historical_price()
, and historical_age()
are often combined to save server hits when checking for the price of multiple items. Scripts will use the historical price if it is fairly recent, or hit the server with mall_price if it is too old. This function wraps all of that up, and even adds a flag for getting item values during combat (when you don't have mall access). You'll generally call this with only one of the two parameters.
If you want to only use historical_price: mall_val(someitem, true) If you want to only use mall price: mall_val(someitem,0) If you want to use historical prices no more than 2 days old, otherwise use mall price: mall_val(someitem,3)
sell_val
int sell_val(item it ,float expirydays ,boolean combatsafe )
- it is the item being valued.
- expirydays is the same as in mall_val() above.
- combatsafe is also as in mall_val() above.
This function is concerned with the meat you could realistically expect to get from selling the item. It returns mall_val, unless the mall value is at minimum, meaning it's junk which probably won't sell. In that case it returns the item's autosell value.
have_item
int have_item(string to_lookup )
- to_lookup is the item to count
A residual function, used by the following and probably in several other scripts. Returns the amount of an item you have both in your inventory and equipped. Similar but not equivalent to the ASH function available_amount()
, since this function completely ignores your closet and storage.
braindrop
item braindrop(monster patient )
- patient is the monster under inquiry
Returns the brain dropped by patient in Zombiecore. All five types of brains are properly accounted for, as well as monsters that drop no brains. Will always return $item[none] outside of Zombiecore.
is_goal
boolean is_goal(stat whichstat )
- whichstat is the stat to check
The ASH function is_goal()
takes an item parameter and returns true if the given item is a goal. ZLib extends that function by also including a version which accepts a stat as a parameter. Stats can be goals when a user or script sets "level X" or "X muscle" as a goal.
isxpartof
float isxpartof(item child ,item ancestor )
- child is the ingredient/component you want to check.
- ancestor is the concoction you want to check.
In the sentence "child is X part of ancestor", this function returns X. It assumes the minimum amount of other ingredients necessary. For example, isxpartof($item[white pixel], $item[digital key]) returns 0.033333335 (1/30), since 30 white pixels are needed to make a digital key. However, isxpartof($item[red pixel], $item[digital key]) returns 0.03125 (1/32), assuming 1 each of green and blue pixels and 29 other white pixels (rather than 30 each RGB pixels -- 1/90). This function is used by has_goal(item) but may have uses in your own script.
has_goal
float has_goal(item check_me )
float has_goal(monster check_me )
float has_goal(location check_me )
- check_me is the item, monster or locationto check
At the base of this function is the item parameter version, which returns the chance that the item check_me is or results in a goal. If the item is itself a goal, returns 1.0. Otherwise, returns what percentage of a goal the item is, which could be nonzero in two cases: 1) you could get a goal by using the item (returns the chance of success), or 2) the item is an ingredient of a goal. For example, with a goal of black pepper, has_goal($item[black picnic basket]) would return 0.58.
When supplied a monster as the parameter for check_me, returns the percent chance that encountering the given monster will result in a goal, taking into account +items, pickpocket availability (and +pickpocket), and Torso. For instance, with no +item and black pepper as a goal, has_goal($monster[black widow]) would return 0.087 (0.58 basket contains pepper * 0.15 basket drop rate). Also note that it will add multiple goals together, so with white pixels as a goal, a Blooper would return 2.1.
When supplied a location as the parameter for check_me, returns the chance that adventuring at a given location will yield a goal. For our black pepper example, has_goal($location[black forest]) would return 0.0174 (0.2 black widow appearance rate * 0.087 chance that a widow has black pepper). Presently this accounts for combat frequency modifiers but not Olfaction, and it will be off for areas with noncombats that grant goals, because it assumes that all noncombats do not yield items.
These functions also have an optional boolean parameter, usespec. If supplied as true, these functions will use speculative values. (See "whatif")
obtain
boolean obtain(int qty ,string condition ,location place )
boolean obtain(int qty ,string condition ,location place ,string filter )
- qty is the quantity of the item or choice adventure desired
- condition is the item or choice adventure to use as a goal
- place is the location to adventure to obtain your goal
- filter is an optional combat filter used the same as in
adventure()
Attempts to get qty (minus existing) of condition, either by purchasing (if you have the KoLmafia preference set), pulling from Hangk's, or adventuring at the specified place. It also works with choice adventures.
use_upto
boolean use_upto(int qty ,item thing ,boolean purchase )
- qty is the quantity to use
- thing is the item to use
- purchase is true if KoLmafia should purchase extras if you don't already have qty
Gets (if purchase is true) and uses qty of the item(s) thing if possible. Otherwise, uses as many as you have up to qty.
resist
boolean resist(element resist_it ,boolean really )
- resist_it is the element to resist
- really is true to actually attemp resistance, false to check only
Returns whether you are able to resist a given element resist_it, or if really is true, attempts to actually achieve that resistance (casting buffs, changing gear, or equipping your Exotic Parrot) and returns its success.
my_defstat
int my_defstat(boolean usespec )
- usespec is optional. If true, uses speculative values rather than real values.
Returns the value of your buffed defense stat, taking into account Hero of the Half-Shell.
get_safemox
int get_safemox(location where )
- where is the location to check for safe moxie
Using mafia's location/monster data, returns the safe moxie of a given zone where.
auto_mcd
boolean auto_mcd(int check_me )
boolean auto_mcd(monster check_me )
boolean auto_mcd(location check_me )
- check_me is the int, monster or location to check
If your ZLib setting "automcd" is true, automatically adjusts your mind-control device for maximum stat gains based on safe moxie and your ZLib "threshold" setting. Does not adjust for MCD-sensitive areas (certain bosses, Slime Tube), or areas with no known combats. Returns true unless KoLmafia is unable to do so, even though the script thinks it should be capable (still returns true if you can't currently access an mcd-changing device).
best_fam
familiar best_fam(string type )
- type is the type of familiar ability to check for
Returns your heaviest familiar of a given type (currently possible: items, meat, produce, stat, delevel). If your ZLib "is_100_run" setting is anything other than $familiar[none], returns that familiar (so you don't have to make the check in your script).
Kmail Functions
load_kmail
void load_kmail(string calledby )
- calledby is optional and allows you to specify the name of the script calling this function, which will be submitted when the script visits api.php. The default value is "ZLib-powered-script".
This function parses your kmail inbox in a single server hit and loads it into the global variable "mail", which is of type kmessage[int]. A kmessage is a record type, with the following fields:
record kmessage {
int id; // message id
string type; // possible values observed thus far: normal, giftshop
int fromid; // sender's playerid (0 for npc's)
int azunixtime; // KoL server's unix timestamp
string message; // message (not including items/meat)
int[item] items; // items included in the message
int meat; // meat included in the message
string fromname; // sender's playername
string localtime; // your local time according to your KoL account, human-readable string
};
Thus, after calling this function your inbox is very easy to work with. You can foreach over each message if you like, accessing the fields for details.
process_kmail
void process_kmail(string functionname )
- functionname specifies the name of a function designed to parse kmail.
If you liked load_kmail(), you'll like this even better. First off, this function loads your kmail into the mail variable if you haven't already done so. Next, it calls a function named functionname on each kmail message. The function must be at top level, accept a single kmessage parameter, and return a boolean. For each kmail in your inbox, if the called function returns true, that message will be deleted once all messages have been processed.
Here's a simple example which will delete all messages from your lovely Pen Pal:
boolean no_penpal(kmessage m) {
if (m.fromname == "Your Pen Pal") return true;
return false;
}
process_kmail("no_penpal");
send_gift
boolean send_gift(string recipient ,string message ,int meat ,int [item] goodies )
boolean send_gift(string recipient ,string message ,int meat ,int [item] goodies ,string inside_note )
- recipient is the player to send to
- message is the outside message
- meat is the amount of meat to send
- goodies is a map of items & amounts to send
- inside_note is an optional inside message
Sends a gift to a player. Able to split large amounts of items. Returns true if the package is sent and false if not. See kmail() below.
kmail
boolean kmail(string recipient ,string message ,int meat )
boolean kmail(string recipient ,string message ,int meat ,int [item] goodies )
boolean kmail(string recipient ,string message ,int meat ,int [item] goodies ,string inside_note )
- recipient is the player to send to
- message is the outside message
- meat is the amount of meat to send
- goodies is an optional map of items & amounts to send
- inside_note is an optional inside message if sent as a gift
- km allows you to send a kmail supplied in kmessage format. The only thing unusual here is that the "fromname" field will be used as the recipient. The other fields will be used appropriately to call the above kmail function.
Sends a kmail to player recipient, returning true if the kmail is successfully sent. Handles splitting the message into multiple messages if the number of item types in goodies is too large. Returns the result of send_gift() if the intended recipient is unable to receive the message due to being in HC or somesuch. Note that you can also specify the inside_note to be used inside gifts in that case. Use "\n" to specify a new line in the message.